测试核磁时,所用溶剂分子中的氢都应被氘取代,但难免有残余,这样就会产生溶剂峰;除了残存的质子峰外,溶剂中有时会有微量的H<sub2O而产生水峰,而且这个H<sub2O峰的位置也会因溶剂的不同而不同;另外,在样品(或制备过程)中,也难免会残留一些杂质,在图谱上就会有杂质峰,应注意识别。

常用氘代溶剂和杂质峰在1H-NMR谱中的化学位移如下表所示(单位:ppm)

溶剂-CDCl3(CD3)2CO(CD3)2SOC6D6CD3CNCD3OHD2O
溶剂峰7.262.052.497.161.943.314.80
水峰1.562.843.330.402.134.87
乙酸2.101.961.911.551.961.992.08
丙酮2.172.092.091.552.082.152.22
乙腈2.102.052.071.551.962.032.06
7.367.367.377.157.377.33
叔丁醇CH31.281.181.111.051.161.401.24
OH4.191.552.18
乙醇CH3(t)1.251.121.060.961.121.191.17
CH2(q)3.723.573.443.343.543.603.65
OH(s)1.323.393.632.47
乙酸乙酯CH3CO2.051.971.991.651.972.012.07
OCH2(q)4.124.054.033.894.064.094.14
CH3(t)1.261.201.170.921.201.241.24
乙二醇3.763.283.343.413.513.593.65
正己烷CH3(t)0.880.880.860.890.890.90
CH2(m)1.261.281.251.241.281.29
甲醇CH33.493.313.163.073.283.343.34
OH1.093.124.01 2.16
正戊烷CH3(t)0.880.880.860.870.890.90
CH2(m)1.271.271.271.231.291.29
异丙醇CH3(d)1.221.101.040.951.091.501.17
CH4.043.903.783.673.873.924.02
四氢呋喃CH21.851.791.761.401.801.871.88
CH2O3.763.633.603.573.643.713.74
甲苯CH32.362.322.302.112.332.32
CH(o/p)7.177.207.187.027.307.16
CH(m)7.257.207.257.137.307.16
氯仿7.268.028.326.157.587.90
环己烷1.431.431.401.401.441.45
1,2-二氯甲烷3.733.873.902.903.813.78
二氯甲烷5.305.635.764.275.445.49
乙醚CH3(t)1.211.111.091.111.121.181.17
CH2(q)3.483.413.383.263.423.493.56
二甲基甲酰胺CH8.027.967.957.637.927.797.92
CH32.962.942.892.362.892.993.01
CH32.882.782.731.862.772.862.85
二甲基亚砜2.622.522.541.682.502.652.71
二氧杂环3.713.593.573.353.603.663.75

参考资料:

  1. 核磁谱图NMR常见溶剂峰杂质峰分析 (中文版)
  2. Hugo E. Gottlieb, Vadim Kotlyar, Abraham Nudelman,NMR Chemical Shifts of Common Laboratory Solvents as Trace Impurities . J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62 (21), 7512-7515.
  3. Gregory R.Fulmer, Alexander J.M.Miller, et al. NMR Chemical Shifts of Trace Impurities: Common Laboratory Solvents, Organics, and Gases in Deuterated Solvents Relevant to the Organometallic Chemist. Organometallics, 2010, 29, 2176–2179.

ref:https://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_1320e53f00102v6hn.html